Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Checkpoint 156-587 : Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) - R81.20 Practice Tests

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Exam Number : 156-587
Exam Name : Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) - R81.20
Vendor Name : Checkpoint
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The Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) - R81.20 test is designed for IT professionals who specialize in troubleshooting and resolving complex network security issues using Check Point technologies. This article provides an overview of the test objectives, course contents, and the skills required to succeed in the CCTE certification.

Exam Type: Proctored online exam
Exam Duration: 120 minutes (2 hours)
Number of Questions: The test consists of approximately 60 to 90 multiple-choice questions.
Passing Score: The passing score for the CCTE - R81.20 test is subject to change and is determined by Check Point. The exact passing score is not disclosed publicly.
Exam Delivery: The test is delivered through the Pearson VUE online testing platform.
Exam Registration: Candidates can register for the test through the Pearson VUE website or Check Point's official certification website.
Prerequisites: There are no official prerequisites for taking the CCTE - R81.20 exam. However, it is recommended that candidates have prior experience in working with Check Point technologies and hold the Check Point Certified Security Expert (CCSE) certification.

Exam Content: The test content is based on the official test objectives provided by Check Point. The questions cover various syllabus related to troubleshooting methodology, debugging and analyzing tools, Security Gateway troubleshooting, Management Server troubleshooting, NAT troubleshooting, VPN troubleshooting, ClusterXL troubleshooting, and SecureXL/CoreXL troubleshooting.

Exam Preparation: Killexams offers a comprehensive training course that covers the test objectives. Candidates are recommended to practice all killexams questions with test simulator.

Scoring: The test is automatically scored by the testing system. Candidates receive their test results immediately upon completion of the exam.

Certification: Upon successfully passing the CCTE - R81.20 exam, candidates will be awarded the Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) certification. The certification is valid for two years.

Retake Policy: If a candidate does not pass the test on the first attempt, there is no mandatory waiting period for retaking the exam. However, candidates must pay the test fee for each attempt.

Exam Objectives:
The CCTE - R81.20 test evaluates the candidate's knowledge and skills in troubleshooting complex network security issues using Check Point technologies. The test objectives include:

- Troubleshooting Methodology
- Debugging and Analyzing Tools
- Security Gateway Troubleshooting
- Management Server Troubleshooting
- Network Address Translation (NAT) Troubleshooting
- Virtual Private Network (VPN) Troubleshooting
- ClusterXL Troubleshooting
- SecureXL and CoreXL Troubleshooting

Course Contents:
To prepare for the CCTE - R81.20 exam, Check Point offers a comprehensive training course that covers the following topics:

Troubleshooting Methodology: Introduction to troubleshooting methodology and best practices for isolating and resolving network security issues.

Debugging and Analyzing Tools: In-depth exploration of debugging and analyzing tools provided by Check Point, including their features, usage, and output analysis.

Security Gateway Troubleshooting: Detailed coverage of troubleshooting techniques for various Security Gateway issues, including policy-related problems, traffic inspection failures, and performance tuning.

Management Server Troubleshooting: Understanding troubleshooting techniques for Check Point Management Server, SmartConsole, and log server-related issues.

Network Address Translation (NAT) Troubleshooting: Comprehensive knowledge of NAT troubleshooting, including understanding NAT configurations, identifying and resolving translation problems, and troubleshooting NAT policy issues.

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Troubleshooting: In-depth coverage of troubleshooting VPN connectivity issues, encryption and authentication failures, and VPN certificate management.

ClusterXL Troubleshooting: Detailed exploration of troubleshooting techniques for ClusterXL-related issues, including cluster failover problems, synchronization issues, and load-balancing configuration errors.

SecureXL and CoreXL Troubleshooting: Understanding troubleshooting techniques for SecureXL and CoreXL acceleration features, including performance tuning, kernel debug, and traffic flow analysis.

Skills and Prerequisites:
To succeed in the CCTE - R81.20 exam, candidates should possess the following skills:

In-depth knowledge of Check Point Security Gateway and Management Server architecture.
Proficiency in configuring and managing Check Point Security policies, NAT, and VPN.
Strong understanding of TCP/IP networking concepts, including routing, switching, and subnetting.
Experience in troubleshooting network security issues using various tools and methodologies.
Familiarity with Check Point Security Management products, such as SmartConsole and SmartView Monitor.
It is recommended that candidates have prior experience in working with Check Point technologies and hold the Check Point Certified Security Expert (CCSE) certification.

The Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) - R81.20 test is a comprehensive evaluation of an IT professional's ability to troubleshoot complex network security issues using Check Point technologies. By studying killexams PDF questions, practicing with test simulator, candidates can prepare themselves effectively for the test and enhance their troubleshooting skills in the field of network security.



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug