Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Exam Number : CCCP-001
Exam Name : Certified Cloud Computing Professional (CCP)
Vendor Name : GAQM
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CCCP-001 test Format | CCCP-001 Course Contents | CCCP-001 Course Outline | CCCP-001 test Syllabus | CCCP-001 test Objectives


The Cloud Certified Professional (CCP) program offers 7 certification tracks, each dedicated to a specialized field of practice within the cloud computing industry. Visit the CCP Matrix page for an overview of the certification tracks and their associated CCP courses. Use this matrix to plan your path to accreditation!



Exams that are passed with a grade that is 10 or more percentage points greater than the passing grade are considered to have been passed with honors. For example, if an exams passing grade is 70%, then a grade of 80% or higher is required for the test to be considered to have been passed with honors.



Whether you pass exams with a regular passing grade or with an honors grade is shown in your test history on your AITCP account. If you pass all exams within a certification track with honors, a special version of the certificate is issued indicating that the accreditation was attained with honors and displaying a special gold-colored seal.



The Cloud Certified Professional (CCP) curriculum from Arcitura is comprised of 21 course modules. Course delivery options can include private on-site workshops, live virtual training, public workshops or self-paced training via Study Kits or eLearning. Each module is a one-day course when taught by a Certified Trainer or can take 10-14 hours to complete via self-study.



Fundamental Cloud Computing
Concepts, terminology, technologies, benefits, challenges, SLAs and business cost metrics associated with cloud computing are covered, along with SaaS, IaaS, PaaS delivery models, common cloud deployment models, and cloud characteristics.



Cloud Technology Concepts
This course covers a range of subjects related to cloud computing mechanisms, cloud security threats and controls, and essential cloud technologies. Also addressed are testing, cloud storage, industry standards, and emerging technologies and trends.



Cloud Technology Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply practices, mechanisms, and technologies to design cloud-based service architectures in order to solve a set of complex problems.



Fundamental Cloud Architecture

This course delves into the technology architecture of cloud platforms and cloud-based solutions and services by exploring a series of new cloud computing mechanisms and their utilization via a set of cloud computing design patterns.



Advanced Cloud Architecture

Advanced technology architecture subjects are addressed in this course with a focus on complex cloud-based solution design, including the incorporation of hybrid cloud deployment models, compound design patterns, and solution architectures that span cloud and on-premise environments.



Cloud Architecture Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply the patterns, models, concepts, techniques, and mechanisms covered in previous courses, in order to complete a series of architectural and design exercises.



Fundamental Cloud Security

This course dives into the implementation technologies behind the cloud security mechanisms first introduced in Module 2, and further explores how these mechanisms and associated security technologies can be configured and combined to establish a cloud security architecture.



Advanced Cloud Security

Complex security subjects are addressed by this course, which introduces a set of security design patterns that address the application of cloud security mechanisms and technologies in order to establish sophisticated, custom security controls for preventative and reactionary responses to common threats and attacks.



Cloud Security Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply the patterns, concepts, techniques, and mechanisms covered in previous courses, in order to complete a series of exercises that present real-world security problems.



Fundamental Cloud Governance

This course explains IT governance as it pertains to the evolution and regulation of cloud computing environments and assets. Numerous models and framework components are explored to establish structured models for identifying and associating cloud governance precepts and processes to cloud project stages.



Advanced Cloud Governance

This course builds upon the fundamental models and framework components and identifies and describes numerous cloud governance precepts and processes for cloud project Define, Build, Test, Deliver, Operate, Consume and End Stages.



Cloud Governance Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply the cloud governance framework components, models, precepts and processes covered in previous courses, in order to complete a series of exercises.



Fundamental Cloud Storage

This course expands upon the cloud storage subjects introduced in Module 2 by further exploring cloud storage devices, structures, and technologies from a more technical and implementation-specific perspective. A set of cloud storage mechanisms and devices are established, along with in-depth coverage of NoSQL and cloud storage services.



Advanced Cloud Storage

A number of advanced subjects are introduced in this course, including persistent storage, redundant storage, cloud-attached storage, cloud-remote storage, cloud storage gateways, cloud storage brokers, Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Network (SAN), various cloud storage-related design patterns, and the overall information lifecycle management as it applies specifically to cloud-hosted data.



Cloud Storage Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply the patterns, concepts, practices, devices, and mechanisms covered in previous courses, in order to complete a series of exercises that pertain to solving cloud storage problems and creating cloud storage architectures.



Fundamental Cloud Virtualization

Core subject areas pertaining to the fundamental virtualization mechanisms and types used within contemporary cloud computing platforms are explored, along with various key performance indicators and related metrics.



Advanced Cloud Virtualization

A range of specialized and advanced design patterns that build upon Module 16 to explore virtualization-related reliability, performance and integration, as well as combinations of mechanisms are covered, whereby the problem scenario, application, and solution are presented for each individual design pattern.



Cloud Virtualization Lab

A hands-on lab during which participants apply the models, concepts, and techniques covered in previous courses, in order to complete a series of complex exercises that enable participants to demonstrate proficiency in applying design patterns to solve common problems in cloud-based environments.



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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyber­attacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schaden­szenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hacker­angriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hacker­angriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

  • Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
  • Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
  • Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
  • Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

  • Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
  • Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
  • Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
  • Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
  • Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
  • Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
  • Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

  • Betriebsunterbrechung
  • Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
  • Mehrkosten
  • Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
  • Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
  • Cyber-Erpressung
  • Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
  • Ersatz-IT-Hardware
  • Cyber-Betrug