Was ist das eigentlich? Cyberrisiken verständlich erklärt

Es wird viel über Cyberrisiken gesprochen. Oftmals fehlt aber das grundsätzliche Verständnis, was Cyberrisiken überhaupt sind. Ohne diese zu verstehen, lässt sich aber auch kein Versicherungsschutz gestalten.

Beinahe alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens können heute über das Internet abgewickelt werden. Online-Shopping und Online-Banking sind im Alltag angekommen. Diese Entwicklung trifft längst nicht nur auf Privatleute, sondern auch auf Firmen zu. Das Schlagwort Industrie 4.0 verheißt bereits eine zunehmende Vernetzung diverser geschäftlicher Vorgänge über das Internet.

Anbieter von Cyberversicherungen für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) haben Versicherungen die Erfahrung gemacht, dass trotz dieser eindeutigen Entwicklung Cyberrisiken immer noch unterschätzt werden, da sie als etwas Abstraktes wahrgenommen werden. Für KMU kann dies ein gefährlicher Trugschluss sein, da gerade hier Cyberattacken existenzbedrohende Ausmaße annehmen können. So wird noch häufig gefragt, was Cyberrisiken eigentlich sind. Diese Frage ist mehr als verständlich, denn ohne (Cyber-)Risiken bestünde auch kein Bedarf für eine (Cyber-)Versicherung.

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Nachfolgend finden Sie alle Details zu Übungstests, Dumps und aktuellen Fragen der CFSW: NAFC Certified Forensic Social Worker Prüfung.

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Exam Number : CFSW
Exam Name : NAFC Certified Forensic Social Worker
Vendor Name : Social-Work-Board
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CFSW exam Format | CFSW Course Contents | CFSW Course Outline | CFSW exam Syllabus | CFSW exam Objectives

Exam Details:
- Number of Questions: The number of questions in the CFSW (NAFC Certified Forensic Social Worker) exam can vary depending on the specific certification program. Typically, the exam consists of multiple-choice questions or a combination of multiple-choice and essay questions. The exact number of questions may range from 100 to 200.

- Time: The duration of the exam can vary depending on the program or organization offering the certification. Generally, candidates are provided with a set time limit to complete the exam, which can range from 2 to 4 hours. It is advisable to refer to the specific guidelines provided by the certifying organization for accurate information regarding the exam duration.

Course Outline:
The CFSW certification program aims to equip social workers with specialized knowledge and skills in the field of forensic social work. While the specific course outline may vary depending on the certification program, the following syllabus are typically covered:

1. Introduction to Forensic Social Work:
- Overview of forensic social work as a specialization
- Roles and responsibilities of forensic social workers
- Ethical considerations and professional standards in forensic social work

2. Legal Systems and Procedures:
- Familiarity with the legal system, including criminal and civil proceedings
- Understanding of legal terminology and documentation
- Knowledge of court processes and procedures

3. Assessment and Evaluation:
- Conducting forensic exams and evaluations
- Forensic interviewing techniques
- Identification and evaluation of risk factors

4. Forensic Mental Health:
- Understanding the intersection of mental health and the legal system
- Assessment and treatment of individuals with mental health issues involved in legal matters
- Competency evaluations and mental health evaluations for legal purposes

5. Child Welfare and Family Law:
- Child protection and custody issues in the legal system
- Understanding child welfare laws and regulations
- Assessing and addressing family dynamics and issues related to child welfare cases

6. Domestic Violence and Victim Advocacy:
- Understanding the dynamics of domestic violence
- Providing support and advocacy for victims of domestic violence
- Collaborating with law enforcement and legal professionals in domestic violence cases

7. Substance Abuse and Forensic Populations:
- Assessment and treatment of individuals with substance abuse issues in legal settings
- Understanding the impact of substance abuse on criminal behavior
- Collaborating with treatment providers and legal professionals in addressing substance abuse issues

Exam Objectives:
The objectives of the CFSW exam typically include:

1. Assessing Knowledge and Competence: Evaluate the candidate's understanding of forensic social work concepts, theories, and practices.

2. Testing Applied Skills: Assess the candidate's ability to apply forensic social work principles to real-world scenarios, including conducting exams, making recommendations, and collaborating with legal professionals.

3. Evaluating Ethical Decision-Making: Assess the candidate's understanding of ethical considerations and professional standards in forensic social work and their ability to make ethical decisions in challenging situations.

4. Certifying Forensic Social Work Competencies: Provide a recognized certification for individuals who demonstrate their competence and expertise in forensic social work, indicating their ability to work effectively in legal and forensic settings.

Exam Syllabus:
The specific exam syllabus for the CFSW may vary depending on the certifying organization or program. However, the following syllabus are typically included:

1. Forensic Social Work Foundations:
- Introduction to forensic social work
- Legal systems and procedures
- Ethical considerations in forensic social work

2. Assessment and Evaluation:
- Forensic exam techniques
- Risk exam and management
- Forensic interviewing skills

3. Legal and Court Systems:
- Criminal and civil legal processes
- Courtroom procedures and protocols
- Understanding legal terminology and documentation

4. Forensic Mental Health:
- Interface of mental health and the legal system
- Competency evaluations and forensic mental health exams
- Treatment and intervention for individuals with mental health issues involved in legal matters

5. Child Welfare and Family Law:
- Child protection and custody issues
- Family law regulations and procedures
- Assessment and intervention in child welfare cases

6. Domestic Violence and Victim Advocacy:
- Dynamics of domestic violence
- Support and advocacy for victims
- Collaborating with legal and law enforcement professionals in domestic violence cases

7. Substance Abuse and Forensic Populations:
- Substance abuse exam and treatment in legal settings
- Relationship between substance abuse and criminal behavior
- Collaboration with treatment providers and legal professionals

It is important to note that the specific syllabus and depth of coverage may vary based on the certifying organization or program offering the CFSW certification. Candidates should refer to the official guidelines and materials provided by the certifying body for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

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Warum sind Cyberrisiken so schwer greifbar?

Als mehr oder weniger neuartiges Phänomen stellen Cyberrisiken Unternehmen und Versicherer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Nicht nur die neuen Schadenszenarien sind abstrakter oder noch nicht bekannt. Häufig sind immaterielle Werte durch Cyberrisiken in Gefahr. Diese wertvollen Vermögensgegenstände sind schwer bewertbar.

Obwohl die Gefahr durchaus wahrgenommen wird, unterschätzen viele Firmen ihr eigenes Risiko. Dies liegt unter anderem auch an den Veröffentlichungen zu Cyberrisiken. In der Presse finden sich unzählige Berichte von Cyberattacken auf namhafte und große Unternehmen. Den Weg in die Presse finden eben nur die spektakulären Fälle. Die dort genannten Schadenszenarien werden dann für das eigene Unternehmen als unrealistisch eingestuft. Die für die KMU nicht minder gefährlichen Cyberattacken werden nur selten publiziert.

Aufgrund der fehlenden öffentlichen Meldungen von Sicherheitsvorfällen an Sicherheitsbehörden und wegen der fehlenden Presseberichte fällt es schwer, Fakten und Zahlen zur Risikolage zu erheben. Aber ohne diese Grundlage fällt es schwer, in entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu investieren.

Erklärungsleitfaden anhand eines Ursache-Wirkungs-Modells

Häufig nähert man sich dem Thema Cyberrisiko anlass- oder eventbezogen, also wenn sich neue Schadenszenarien wie die weltweite WannaCry-Attacke entwickeln. Häufig wird auch akteursgebunden beleuchtet, wer Angreifer oder Opfer sein kann. Dadurch begrenzt man sich bei dem Thema häufig zu sehr nur auf die Cyberkriminalität. Um dem Thema Cyberrisiko jedoch gerecht zu werden, müssen auch weitere Ursachen hinzugezogen werden.

Mit einer Kategorisierung kann das Thema ganzheitlich und nachvollziehbar strukturiert werden. Ebenso hilft eine solche Kategorisierung dabei, eine Abgrenzung vorzunehmen, für welche Gefahren Versicherungsschutz über eine etwaige Cyberversicherung besteht und für welche nicht.

Die Ursachen sind dabei die Risiken, während finanzielle bzw. nicht finanzielle Verluste die Wirkungen sind. Cyberrisiken werden demnach in zwei Hauptursachen eingeteilt. Auf der einen Seite sind die nicht kriminellen Ursachen und auf der anderen Seite die kriminellen Ursachen zu nennen. Beide Ursachen können dabei in drei Untergruppen unterteilt werden.

Nicht kriminelle Ursachen

Höhere Gewalt

Häufig hat man bei dem Thema Cyberrisiko nur die kriminellen Ursachen vor Augen. Aber auch höhere Gewalt kann zu einem empfindlichen Datenverlust führen oder zumindest die Verfügbarkeit von Daten einschränken, indem Rechenzentren durch Naturkatastrophen wie beispielsweise Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben zerstört werden. Ebenso sind Stromausfälle denkbar.

Menschliches Versagen/Fehlverhalten

Als Cyberrisiken sind auch unbeabsichtigtes und menschliches Fehlverhalten denkbar. Hierunter könnte das versehentliche Veröffentlichen von sensiblen Informationen fallen. Möglich sind eine falsche Adressierung, Wahl einer falschen Faxnummer oder das Hochladen sensibler Daten auf einen öffentlichen Bereich der Homepage.

Technisches Versagen

Auch Hardwaredefekte können zu einem herben Datenverlust führen. Neben einem Überhitzen von Rechnern sind Kurzschlüsse in Systemtechnik oder sogenannte Headcrashes von Festplatten denkbare Szenarien.

Kriminelle Ursachen

Hackerangriffe

Hackerangriffe oder Cyberattacken sind in der Regel die Szenarien, die die Presse dominieren. Häufig wird von spektakulären Datendiebstählen auf große Firmen oder von weltweiten Angriffen mit sogenannten Kryptotrojanern berichtet. Opfer kann am Ende aber jeder werden. Ziele, Methoden und auch das Interesse sind vielfältig. Neben dem finanziellen Interesse können Hackerangriffe auch zur Spionage oder Sabotage eingesetzt werden. Mögliche Hackermethoden sind unter anderem: Social Engineering, Trojaner, DoS-Attacken oder Viren.

Physischer Angriff

Die Zielsetzung eines physischen Angriffs ist ähnlich dem eines Hackerangriffs. Dabei wird nicht auf die Tools eines Hackerangriffs zurückgegriffen, sondern durch das physische Eindringen in Unternehmensgebäude das Ziel erreicht. Häufig sind es Mitarbeiter, die vertrauliche Informationen stehlen, da sie bereits den notwendigen Zugang zu den Daten besitzen.

Erpressung

Obwohl die Erpressung aufgrund der eingesetzten Methoden auch als Hackerangriff gewertet werden könnte, ergibt eine Differenzierung Sinn. Erpressungsfälle durch Kryptotrojaner sind eines der häufigsten Schadenszenarien für kleinere und mittelständische Unternehmen. Außerdem sind auch Erpressungsfälle denkbar, bei denen sensible Daten gestohlen wurden und ein Lösegeld gefordert wird, damit sie nicht veröffentlicht oder weiterverkauft werden.

Ihre Cyberversicherung sollte zumindet folgende Schäden abdecken:

Cyber-Kosten:

Soforthilfe und Forensik-Kosten (Kosten der Ursachenermittlung, Benachrichtigungskosten und Callcenter-Leistung)
Krisenkommunikation / PR-Maßnahmen
Systemverbesserungen nach einer Cyber-Attacke
Aufwendungen vor Eintritt des Versicherungsfalls

Cyber-Drittschäden (Haftpflicht):

Befriedigung oder Abwehr von Ansprüchen Dritter
Rechtswidrige elektronische Kommunikation
Ansprüche der E-Payment-Serviceprovider
Vertragsstrafe wegen der Verletzung von Geheimhaltungspflichten und Datenschutzvereinbarungen
Vertragliche Schadenersatzansprüche
Vertragliche Haftpflicht bei Datenverarbeitung durch Dritte
Rechtsverteidigungskosten

Cyber-Eigenschäden:

Betriebsunterbrechung
Betriebsunterbrechung durch Ausfall von Dienstleister (optional)
Mehrkosten
Wiederherstellung von Daten (auch Entfernen der Schadsoftware)
Cyber-Diebstahl: elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr, fehlerhafter Versand von Waren, Telefon-Mehrkosten/erhöhte Nutzungsentgelte
Cyber-Erpressung
Entschädigung mit Strafcharakter/Bußgeld
Ersatz-IT-Hardware
Cyber-Betrug

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Cyber-Kosten:

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